Charles ii proclamation regarding the royal african companyвЂ™s monopoly

Poor, by rendering cheaper the transportation of heavy goods to Made to contribute in a very easy manner to the relief of the Their weight than upon carriages of necessary use, such asД¬arts, waggons, etc., the indolence and vanity of the rich is Post-chaises, etc., is made somewhat higher in proportion to When the toll upon carriages of luxury upon coaches, Impossible to imagine a more equitable method of raising a tax. Is obliged to give up in order to get the rest. It is in reality no more than a part of that gain which he His payment is exactly in proportion to his Therefore, gains by the application more than he loses by the Works, the goods, notwithstanding the toll come cheaper to theД¬onsumer than the could otherwise have done their price notД«eing so much raised by the toll as it is lowered by theД¬heapness of the carriage. As the expense ofД¬arriage, however, is very much reduced by means of such public This tax or toll too, though it is advanced by theД¬arrier, is finally paid by the consumer, to whom it must alwaysД«e charged in the price of the goods. Possible to invent a more equitable way of maintaining such Wear and tear which they occasion of them. Maintenance of those public works exactly in proportion to the Proportion to their weight or their tonnage, they pay for the The lighters which sail upon a navigable canal, pay toll in When the carriages which pass over a highway or a bridge, and Post-office, another institution for the same purpose, over andДЄbove defraying its own expense, affords in almost all countriesДЄ very considerable revenue to the sovereign. The coinage, another institution for facilitatingД¬ommerce, in many countries, not only defrays its own expense,Д«ut affords a small revenue or seignorage to the sovereign. Port-duty upon the tonnage of the shipping which load or unload Without bringing any burden upon the general revenue of theДЄ highway, a bridge, a navigable canal, for example, may in mostД¬ases be both made and maintained by a small toll upon theД¬arriages which make use of them: a harbour, by a moderate Particular revenue sufficient for defraying their own expense, Of such public works may easily be so managed as to afford a Most countries assigned to the executive power. Works should be defrayed from that public revenue, as it isД¬ommonly called, of which the collection and application is in It does not seem necessary that the expense of those public The shipping which are likely to take shelter in it. To the number and tonnage of the lighters which are likely toД¬arry goods upon it the extent of a harbour to the number of The supply of water for a navigable canal must be proportioned

The carriages which are likely to pass over it. Strength of a bridge must be suited to the number and weight of Increase with the annual produce of the land and labour of thatД¬ountry, or with the quantity and weight of the goods which itД«ecomes necessary to fetch and carry upon those roads. Maintaining the public roads of any country must evidently That the erection and maintenance of the public works whichДЇacilitate the commerce of any country, such as good roads,Д«ridges, navigable canals, harbours, etc., must require veryДifferent degrees of expense in the different periods of society

This third part of the present chapter into three differentДЄrticle 1: On the Public Works and Institutions for facilitating the Commerce of the Society And, first, of those which are necessary for facilitating Commerce in general. Works and institutions may be most properly defrayed will divide Manner in which the expense of those different sorts of public,

Kinds: those for the education of youth, and those for the The institutions for instruction are of two Institutions of this kind are chiefly those for facilitating theД¬ommerce of the society, and those for promoting the instruction Too, very different degrees of expense in the different periodsДЄfter the public institutions and public works necessary for theДefence of the society, and for the administration of justice,Д«oth of which have already been mentioned, the other works and Or small number of individuals, and which it therefore cannot beД®xpected that any individual or small number of individuals That the profit could never repay the expense to any individual Public works, which, though they may be in the highest degreeДЄdvantageous to a great society, are, however, of such a nature Of erecting and maintaining those public institutions and those The third and last duty of the sovereign or commonwealth is that Part III: On the Expense of Public Works and Public Institutions Wealth of Nations - Bk 5 Chpt 01 (Part III)Д«ook V: On the Revenue of the Sovereign or CommonwealthД¬hapter I: On the Expenses of the Sovereign or Commonwealth

Charles ii proclamation regarding the royal african companyвЂ™s monopoly